# 1171 Rusthawelia

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> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/1171_Rusthawelia.md
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> Source revision: 1346045165
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{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox planet
 | minorplanet     = yes
 | name            = 1171 Rusthawelia
 | background      = #D6D6D6
 | image           = 001171-asteroid shape model (1171) Rusthawelia.png
 | image_scale      =
 | caption         = Shape model of ''Rusthawelia'' from its [lightcurve](/source/lightcurve)
 | discovery_ref   = <ref name="MPC-object" />
 | discoverer      = [S. Arend](/source/Sylvain_Arend)
 | discovery_site  = [Uccle Obs.](/source/Royal_Observatory_of_Belgium)
 | discovered      = 3 October 1930
 | mpc_name        = (1171) Rusthawelia
 | alt_names       = 1930 TA{{·}}1926 AD<br />1926 FH{{·}}1927 FC<br />1949 BT{{·}}A904 EB<br />A913 TA
 | pronounced      = 
 | named_after     = [Shota Rustaveli](/source/Shota_Rustaveli)<br />{{small|(Georgian poet)}}<ref name="springer" />
 | mp_category     = [main-belt](/source/main-belt){{·}}{{small|([outer](/source/Kirkwood_gap))}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />[background](/source/Background_asteroid)<ref name="AstDys-object" />
 | orbit_ref       = <ref name="jpldata" />
 | epoch           = 23 March 2018 ([JD](/source/Julian_day) 2458200.5)
 | uncertainty     = 0
 | observation_arc = 113.85 [yr](/source/Julian_year_(astronomy)) (41,584 d)
 | aphelion        = 3.7970 [AU](/source/Astronomical_unit)
 | perihelion      = 2.5779 AU
 | semimajor       = 3.1875 AU
 | eccentricity    = 0.1912
 | period          = 5.69 yr (2,079 d)
 | mean_anomaly    = 175.66[°](/source/Degree_(angle))
 | mean_motion     = {{Deg2DMS|0.1732|sup=ms}} / day
 | inclination     = 3.0731°
 | asc_node        = 121.78°
 | arg_peri        = 290.57°

 | mean_diameter   = {{val|68.67|16.71}} km<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|70.13|2.3}} km<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|70.216|1.560}} km<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|70.98|2.42|u=km}}<ref name="Carry-2012" /><br />{{val|72.09|1.19}} km<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|72.38|20.19}} km<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|82.229|1.004}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" />

 | mass            = {{val|1.81|0.20|e=18|ul=kg}}<ref name="Carry-2012" />
 | density         = {{val|9.66|1.45|ul=g/cm3}}<ref name="Carry-2012" />

 | rotation        = {{val|10.80|0.01|ul=h}}<ref name="Menke-2005a" /><br />{{val|10.98|0.01}} h<ref name="Ivarsen-2004" /><br />{{val|11.013|0.003}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" />

 | albedo          = {{val|0.029|0.003}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|0.038|0.002}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.0393|0.0051}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|0.0394|0.003}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|0.04|0.02}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" />

 | spectral_type   = [Tholen](/source/Tholen_classification) {{=}} [P](/source/P-type_asteroid)<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}[P](/source/P-type_asteroid)<ref name="WISE" /><br />[B–V](/source/Asteroid_color_indices) {{=}} 0.678<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[U–B](/source/Asteroid_color_indices) {{=}} 0.255<ref name="jpldata" />

 | abs_magnitude   = 9.89<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />9.90<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|9.94|0.16}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />
}}

'''1171 Rusthawelia''', provisional designation {{mp|1930 TA}}, is a large and dark [background asteroid](/source/background_asteroid), approximately {{convert|72|km|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} in diameter, located in the outer regions of the [asteroid belt](/source/asteroid_belt). It was discovered on 3 October 1930, by Belgian astronomer [Sylvain Arend](/source/Sylvain_Arend) at the [Royal Observatory of Belgium](/source/Royal_Observatory_of_Belgium) in Uccle, and was an unnoticed rediscovery of a [lost minor planet](/source/lost_minor_planet) then known as "Adelaide".<ref name="MPC-object" /> As the asteroid was already named for Georgian poet [Shota Rustaveli](/source/Shota_Rustaveli) when the rediscovery was realized, its former designation was given to another asteroid instead, which is now known as [525&nbsp;Adelaide](/source/525%26nbsp%3BAdelaide).<ref name="springer" /> ''Rusthawelia'' is a primitive [P-type asteroid](/source/P-type_asteroid) and has a [rotation period](/source/rotation_period) of 11 hours.

== Unnoticed rediscovery of lost asteroid ==

When Arend discovered ''Rusthawelia'' in 1930, it was not realized that he rediscovered the long-[lost asteroid](/source/lost_asteroid) "525 Adelaide". It was already discovered 26 years earlier as {{mp|A904 EB}} by German astronomer [Max Wolf](/source/Max_Wolf) at [Heidelberg Observatory](/source/Heidelberg_Observatory) in March 1904, who observed it for a short time during the discovery opposition before it became lost. Only decades later, in 1958, it was shown by French astronomer [André Patry](/source/Andr%C3%A9_Patry) that both asteroid's discovered by Wolf and Arend were one and the same ({{small|[M.P.C.](/source/Minor_Planet_Circulars) 1831}}). It was then decided that this asteroid retains the number–name designation "1171 Rusthawelia", while [525 Adelaide](/source/525_Adelaide) was vacated and given to another asteroid (which was the object {{mp|1908 EKa}}, discovered by [Joel Hastings Metcalf](/source/Joel_Hastings_Metcalf)).<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="springer-Adelaide" />

Another confusion occurred in 1929, one year before Arend's discovery, when American astronomer [Anne Sewell Young](/source/Anne_Sewell_Young) thought to have found long-lost "Adelaide", when in fact she mistook the asteroid for comet [31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann](/source/31P%2FSchwassmann%E2%80%93Wachmann) that had a very similar [orbital eccentricity](/source/orbital_eccentricity).<ref name="Young-1929" />

== Orbit and classification ==

''Rusthawelia'' is a non-[family](/source/Asteroid_family) asteroid from the main belt's [background population](/source/Background_asteroid).<ref name="AstDys-object" /> It orbits the Sun in the [outer](/source/Kirkwood_gap) main-belt at a distance of 2.6–3.8&nbsp;[AU](/source/Astronomical_unit) once every 5 years and 8 months (2,079 days; [semi-major axis](/source/semi-major_axis) of 3.19&nbsp;AU). Its orbit has an [eccentricity](/source/orbital_eccentricity) of 0.19 and an [inclination](/source/orbital_inclination) of 3[°](/source/Degree_(angle)) with respect to the [ecliptic](/source/ecliptic).<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's [observation arc](/source/observation_arc) begins as {{mp|A904 EB}} at Heidelberg in March 1904, when it was discovered by Max Wolf ''(see above)''.<ref name="MPC-object" />

== Naming ==

This [minor planet](/source/minor_planet) was named for medieval Georgian poet [Shota Rustaveli](/source/Shota_Rustaveli) (შოთა რუსთაველი, c. 1160 – after c. 1220). The official naming citation was mentioned in ''[The Names of the Minor Planets](/source/The_Names_of_the_Minor_Planets)'' by [Paul Herget](/source/Paul_Herget) in 1955 ({{small|[H 109](/source/Herget's_discovery_circumstances)}}).<ref name="springer" />

== Physical characteristics ==

''Rusthawelia'' is a dark and primitive [P-type asteroid](/source/P-type_asteroid), as characterized by the [Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer](/source/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer) (WISE),<ref name="WISE" /> and [classified by Tholen](/source/Tholen_classification).<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />

=== Rotation period ===

In October and November 2003, two rotational [lightcurve](/source/lightcurve)s of ''Rusthawelia'' were obtained from photometric observations by John Menke at his observatory in Barnesville, Maryland, and by a group of American astronomers. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined [rotation period](/source/rotation_period) of 10.80 and 10.98 hours and a brightness variation of 0.31 and 0.26 [magnitude](/source/Magnitude_(astronomy)), respectively ({{small|[U=3/3](/source/LCDB_quality_code)}}).<ref name="Menke-2005a" /><ref name="Ivarsen-2004" /> A third, concurring period of 11.013 hours with an amplitude of 0.26 magnitude was obtained by French amateur astronomer [René Roy](/source/Ren%C3%A9_Roy_(astronomer)) in February 2005 ({{small|[U=3](/source/LCDB_quality_code)}}).<ref name="geneva-obs" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [IRAS](/source/IRAS), the Japanese [Akari satellite](/source/Akari_(satellite)) and the [NEOWISE](/source/NEOWISE) mission of NASA's WISE telescope, ''Rusthawelia'' measures between 68.67 and 82.23 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [albedo](/source/astronomical_albedo) between 0.029 and 0.04.<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0394 and a diameter of 70.13 kilometers based on an [absolute magnitude](/source/absolute_magnitude) of 9.90.<ref name="lcdb" />

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
  |type       = 2018-01-20 last obs.
  |title      = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1171 Rusthawelia (1930 TA)
  |url        = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001171
  |publisher  = [Jet Propulsion Laboratory](/source/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory)
  |accessdate = 5 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book
  |title      = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1171) Rusthawelia
  |last       = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
  |publisher  = [Springer Berlin Heidelberg](/source/Springer_Berlin_Heidelberg)
  |chapter    = (1171) Rusthawelia 
  |pages      = 98–99
  |date       = 2007
  |isbn       = 978-3-540-00238-3
  |doi        = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1172}}</ref>

<ref name="springer-Adelaide">{{cite book
  |title      = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (525) Adelaide
  |last       = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
  |publisher  = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
  |chapter    = (525) Adelaide 
  |page       = 56
  |date       = 2007
  |isbn       = 978-3-540-00238-3
  |doi        = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_526}}</ref>

<ref name="Young-1929">{{cite news
  |title      = Long 'Lost' Planet Found Masquerading as Comet
  |newspaper  = Oakland Tribune
  |date       = June 21, 1929
  |page       = 31
  |via        = [Newspapers.com](/source/Newspapers.com)
  |url        = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14987519/anne_sewell_young_18711961/
  |accessdate = November 9, 2017}} {{Open access}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
  |title      = 1171 Rusthawelia (1930 TA)
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1171
  |accessdate = 5 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web
  |title      = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1171) Rusthawelia
  |last       = Behrend |first = Raoul
  |publisher  = Geneva Observatory
  |url        = https://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001171
  |accessdate = 5 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web
  |title      = Asteroid 1171 Rusthawelia – Proper Elements
  |publisher  = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site
  |url        = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=1171
  |access-date= 28 October 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="Carry-2012">{{Citation
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  |date       = December 2012
  |title      = Density of asteroids
  |journal       = Planetary and Space Science
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  |pages      = 98–118
  |doi        = 10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009
  |bibcode    = 2012P&SS...73...98C
  |arxiv      = 1203.4336 |s2cid = 119226456
 }} See Table 1.</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1171
  |accessdate = 5 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal
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  |date       = October 2004
  |title      = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0
  |url        = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab
  |journal    = NASA Planetary Data System
  |volume     = 12
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<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
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  |first8     = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
  |first9     = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
  |first10    = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
  |first11    = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
  |first12    = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
  |first13    = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
  |date       = October 2011
  |title      = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
  |journal    = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
  |volume     = 63
  |issue      = 5
  |pages      = 1117–1138
  |bibcode    = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
  |doi        = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
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  }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1171 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>

<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
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  |first13    = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
  |date       = November 2011
  |title      = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
  |journal    = The Astrophysical Journal
  |volume     = 741
  |issue      = 2
  |page       = 25
  |bibcode    = 2011ApJ...741...90M
  |doi        = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
  |arxiv      = 1109.6407|s2cid = 35447010 }}</ref>

<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal
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<ref name="Nugent-2015">{{cite journal
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<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal
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<ref name="Menke-2005a">{{Cite journal
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<ref name="Ivarsen-2004">{{Cite journal
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<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
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}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [https://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|1171}}
* {{JPL small body}}

{{Minor planets navigator |1170 Siva |number=1171 |1172 Äneas}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Rusthawelia}}
001171
Category:Discoveries by Sylvain Arend
Category:Named minor planets
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [1171 Rusthawelia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1171_Rusthawelia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1171_Rusthawelia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.