# 11118 Modra

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{{Short description|Main-belt Flora asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
 | minorplanet     = yes
 | name            = 11118 Modra
 | background      = #D6D6D6
 | image           = 
 | image_size      = 
 | caption         = 
 | discovery_ref   = <ref name="jpldata" />
 | discovered      = 9 August 1996
 | discoverer      = [A. Galád](/source/Adri%C3%A1n_Gal%C3%A1d)<br />[D. Kalmančok](/source/Du%C5%A1an_Kalman%C4%8Dok)
 | discovery_site  = [Modra Obs.](/source/Modra_Observatory)
 | mpc_name        = (11118) Modra
 | alt_names       = 1996 PK{{·}}{{mp|1991 FL|1}}
 | named_after     = [Modra](/source/Modra)<br />{{small|(town and [observatory](/source/Modra_Observatory))}}<ref name="springer" />
 | mp_category     = [main-belt](/source/main-belt){{·}}[Flora](/source/Flora_family)<ref name="lcdb" />
 | orbit_ref       = <ref name="jpldata" />
 | epoch           = 4 September 2017 ([JD](/source/Julian_day) 2458000.5)
 | uncertainty     = 0
 | observation_arc = 25.44 yr (9,291 days)
 | aphelion        = 2.5052 [AU](/source/Astronomical_unit)
 | perihelion      = 2.1225 AU
 | semimajor       = 2.3139 AU
 | eccentricity    = 0.0827
 | period          = 3.52 [yr](/source/Julian_year_(astronomy)) (1,286 days)
 | mean_anomaly    = 139.39[°](/source/Degree_(angle))
 | mean_motion     = {{Deg2DMS|0.2800|sup=ms}} / day
 | inclination     = 3.0326°
 | asc_node        = 7.4717°
 | arg_peri        = 204.63°
 | dimensions      = 3.74 km {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|8.69|3.13}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
 | rotation        = {{val|27.12|0.02}} [h](/source/Hour)<ref name="Warner-2011i" /><br />{{val|27.1481|0.0409}} h<ref name="Waszczak-2016" />
 | albedo          = {{val|0.054|0.105}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />0.24 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
 | spectral_type   = [S](/source/S-type_asteroid)<ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}[C](/source/C-type_asteroid)<ref name="Veres-2015" />
 | abs_magnitude   = 14.3<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}{{val|14.211|0.005}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2016" />{{·}}{{val|14.17|0.36}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}14.10<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
}}

'''11118 Modra''' ([provisional designation](/source/Minor_planet_provisional_designation) '''{{mp|1996 PK}}''') is a Flora [asteroid](/source/asteroid) of uncertain composition from the inner regions of the [asteroid belt](/source/asteroid_belt), approximately 5 kilometers in diameter.

It was discovered on 9 August 1996, by Slovak astronomers [Adrián Galád](/source/Adri%C3%A1n_Gal%C3%A1d) and [Dušan Kalmančok](/source/Du%C5%A1an_Kalman%C4%8Dok) at the [Modra Observatory](/source/Modra_Observatory) in Slovakia, and named for the town [Modra](/source/Modra) where the discovering observatory is located.<ref name="springer" /><ref name="MPC-Modra" />

== Classification and orbit ==
Modra is a member of the [Flora family](/source/Flora_family), one of the largest families of [stony asteroids](/source/S-type_asteroid). It orbits the Sun in the [inner](/source/Kirkwood_gap) main-belt at a distance of 2.1–2.5&nbsp;[AU](/source/Astronomical_unit) once every 3 years and 6 months (1,286 days). Its orbit has an [eccentricity](/source/orbital_eccentricity) of 0.08 and an [inclination](/source/orbital_inclination) of 3[°](/source/Degree_(angle)) with respect to the [ecliptic](/source/ecliptic).<ref name="jpldata" /> A first [precovery](/source/precovery) was taken at ESO's [La Silla Observatory](/source/La_Silla_Observatory) in 1991, extending the asteroid's [observation arc](/source/observation_arc) by 5 years prior to its discovery.<ref name="MPC-Modra" />

== Rotation period ==
In September 2010, a photometric [lightcurve](/source/lightcurve) analysis of Modra by American astronomer [Brian Warner](/source/Brian_D._Warner) at his Palmer Divide Observatory, Colorado, rendered an unambiguous [period](/source/rotation_period) of {{val|27.12|0.02}} hours with a brightness variation of 0.53 in [magnitude](/source/Magnitude_(astronomy)) ({{small|[U=3](/source/LCDB_quality_code)}}).<ref name="Warner-2011i" /> A second lightcurve obtained during the wide-field survey at the U.S. [Palomar Transient Factory](/source/Palomar_Transient_Factory) in August 2010, and gave a period of {{val|27.1481|0.0409}} hours with an amplitude of 0.42 ({{small|[U=2](/source/LCDB_quality_code)}}).<ref name="Waszczak-2016" />

== Diameter and albedo ==
According to the survey carried out by NASA's [Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer](/source/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer) and its subsequent [NEOWISE](/source/NEOWISE) mission, the asteroid has a low [albedo](/source/astronomical_albedo) of 0.05.<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> In agreement, the large-scale survey by [Pan-STARRS](/source/Pan-STARRS) (PS1) rates it as a dark [carbonaceous](/source/C-type_asteroid) body.<ref name="Veres-2015" /> However, the ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' (CALL) assumes a much higher albedo of 0.24 – derived from [8&nbsp;Flora](/source/8%26nbsp%3BFlora), the orbital family's largest member and namesake – and groups it to the [S-type asteroid](/source/S-type_asteroid).<ref name="lcdb" /> The different albedos of the two [spectral classes](/source/Asteroid_spectral_types) also translate into divergent estimates for the body's diameter. While CALL calculates 3.7 kilometers, NASA's space-based survey inferred a much larger diameter of 8.7 kilometers.<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" />

== Naming ==
This [minor planet](/source/minor_planet) was named after both the small historical town of [Modra](/source/Modra), located in the Bratislava Region of Slovakia, and the [Modra Observatory](/source/Modra_Observatory) of the Institute of Astronomy at Comenius University, where this asteroid had been discovered.<ref name="springer" /> The approved naming citation was published by the [Minor Planet Center](/source/Minor_Planet_Center) on 28 September 1999 ({{small|[M.P.C.](/source/Minor_Planet_Circulars) 36130}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
  |type       = 2016-08-23 last obs.
  |title      = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 11118 Modra (1996 PK)
  |url        = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011118
  |publisher  = [Jet Propulsion Laboratory](/source/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory)
  |accessdate = 5 July 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book
  |title      = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (11118) Modra
  |last       = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
  |publisher  = [Springer Berlin Heidelberg](/source/Springer_Berlin_Heidelberg)
  |page       = 753
  |date       = 2007
  |isbn       = 978-3-540-00238-3
  |doi       = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_8231 |chapter       = (11118) Modra }}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Modra">{{cite web
  |title      = 11118 Modra (1996 PK)
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=11118
  |accessdate = 25 January 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
  |title      = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
  |accessdate = 17 May 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 11118
  |accessdate = 17 May 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal
  |display-authors = 6
  |first1     = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
  |first2     = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
  |first3     = T. |last3 = Grav
  |first4     = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
  |first5     = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
  |first6     = C. |last6 = Nugent
  |first7     = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera
  |date       = November 2012
  |title      = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids
  |url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M
  |journal    = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
  |volume     = 759
  |issue      = 1
  |page       = 5
  |bibcode    = 2012ApJ...759L...8M
  |doi        = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8
  |arxiv      = 1209.5794
  |access-date= 17 May 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Warner-2011i">{{Cite journal
  |author     = Warner, Brian D.
  |date       = April 2011
  |title      = Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory: 2010 September–December
  |url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011MPBu...38...82W
  |journal    = The Minor Planet Bulletin
  |volume     = 38
  |issue      = 2
  |pages      = 82–86
  |issn       = 1052-8091
  |bibcode    = 2011MPBu...38...82W
  |access-date= 17 May 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Waszczak-2016">{{cite journal
  |display-authors = 6
  |first1     = Adam |last1 = Waszczak
  |first2     = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang
  |first3     = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek
  |first4     = Russ |last4 = Laher
  |first5     = Frank |last5 = Masci
  |first6     = David |last6 = Levitan
  |first7     = Jason |last7 = Surace
  |first8     = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng
  |first9     = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip
  |first10    = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita
  |first11    = George |last11 = Helou
  |first12    = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince
  |first13    = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni
  |date       = September 2015
  |title      = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry
  |url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W
  |journal    = The Astronomical Journal
  |volume     = 150
  |issue      = 3
  |page       = 35
  |bibcode    = 2015AJ....150...75W
  |doi        = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75
  |arxiv      = 1504.04041
  |access-date= 17 May 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
  |display-authors = 6
  |first1     = Peter |last1 = Veres
  |first2     = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
  |first3     = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
  |first4     = Larry |last4 = Denneau
  |first5     = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
  |first6     = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
  |first7     = Serge |last7 = Chastel
  |first8     = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
  |first9     = William S. |last9 = Burgett
  |first10    = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
  |first11    = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
  |first12    = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
  |first13    = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
  |first14    = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
  |first15    = Paul A. |last15 = Price
  |first16    = John L. |last16 = Tonry
  |first17    = Christopher |last17 = Waters
  |date       = November 2015
  |title      = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
  |url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
  |journal    = Icarus
  |volume     = 261
  |pages      = 34–47
  |bibcode    = 2015Icar..261...34V
  |doi        = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
  |arxiv      = 1506.00762
  |access-date= 17 May 2016}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== External links ==
* {{YouTube|id=3Kn3s98KRYw|title=The Palmer Divide Observatory: ''Tour given by Brian Warner''}} {{small|(time 4:03 min.)}}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170322203520/http://www.minorplanetobserver.com/pdolc/A11118_2010.HTM Lightcurve plot of 11118 Modra]}}, Palmer Divide Observatory, [B. D. Warner](/source/Brian_D._Warner) (2010)
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs010001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (10001)-(15000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|11118}}
* {{JPL small body}}

{{Minor planets navigator |(11117) 1996 LP1 |number=11118 |11119 Taro}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Modra}}
011118
Category:Discoveries by Adrián Galád
Category:Discoveries by Dušan Kalmančok
Category:Named minor planets
19960809

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [11118 Modra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11118_Modra) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11118_Modra?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.