# 0-8-4T

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Tank locomotive wheel arrangement

This article is about the locomotive classification. For the Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. episode, see [0-8-4](/source/0-8-4).

[GCR Class 8H](/source/GCR_Class_8H) 69901 at [Dunford Bridge](/source/Dunford_Bridge_railway_station) on the [Woodhead line](/source/Woodhead_line) in 1950

Under the [Whyte notation](/source/Whyte_notation) for the classification of [steam locomotives](/source/Steam_locomotive), **0-8-4** represents the [wheel arrangement](/source/Wheel_arrangement) of no [leading wheels](/source/Leading_wheel), eight powered and coupled [driving wheels](/source/Driving_wheel) on four axles, and four [trailing wheels](/source/Trailing_wheel) on two axles (usually in a [trailing bogie](/source/Trailing_bogie)).

## Equivalent classifications

Other equivalent classifications are:

- [UIC classification](/source/UIC_classification): **D2, D2'** (also known as German classification and [Italian classification](/source/Italian_classification))

- [French classification](/source/French_classification): **042**

- [Turkish classification](/source/Turkish_classification): **46**

- [Swiss classification](/source/Swiss_classification): **4/6**

## Examples

All examples of this wheel arrangement were [tank locomotives](/source/Tank_locomotive); there are no 0-8-4 tender locomotives recorded.

### India

Barsi Light Railway A class 0-8-4T

The [Barsi Light Railway](/source/Barsi_Light_Railway) had [Kitson & Company](/source/Kitson_%26_Company) build five A Class/"Hamilton Class" [tank engines](/source/Tank_locomotive) of this wheel arrangement to the design of famed engineer [Everard Calthrop](/source/Everard_Calthrop) for running on their 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) line in 1896.[1] These engines had [Walschaerts valve gear](/source/Walschaerts_valve_gear) and 160 psi [boilers](/source/Locomotive_boiler), they were all likely scrapped and replaced by [diesels](/source/Diesel_Locomotive) sometimes around the 1950s-1960s, though not much information on them has been found as of now.

### United Kingdom

[LNWR 380 Class](/source/LNWR_380_Class) 7941 at Swansea Paxton Street depot in 1946

Two separate classes were built in the UK, by two different railway companies. Both of these had their origins with an 0-8-0 tender design. Both classes were designed as powerful, but slow-speed, locomotives for heavy shunting. They did not require high speed or long range, so had no need for a [leading truck](/source/Leading_truck) or the greater coal capacity of a tender. Other than this though, they were quite distinct.

The first example was the [Great Central Railway](/source/Great_Central_Railway) [Class 8H](/source/GCR_Class_8H) of 1907.[2] These were designed for [hump shunting](/source/Hump_shunting) and so required high [tractive effort](/source/Tractive_effort), good adhesion and traction for starting from rest. Although developed from the [8A](/source/GCR_Class_8A) tender class, and having some interchangeable parts in their running gear,[3] they also had three cylinders rather than two. The three cylinder tank locomotive was in fashion at this time, as a means of achieving good acceleration from rest, owing to their more even power delivery and the reduced risk of [wheelslip](/source/Locomotive_wheelslip).[4] This three-cylindered pattern had begun with [Holden](/source/James_Holden_(engineer))'s *[Decapod](/source/GER_Decapod)* of 1902 and carried through into [Worsdell](/source/Wilson_Worsdell) and [Raven](/source/Vincent_Raven)'s fast passenger tank locomotives of [4-6-2T](/source/NER_Class_Y) and [4-4-4T](/source/NER_Class_D) layout for the [North Eastern Railway](/source/North_Eastern_Railway_(UK)) in 1910 and 1913. Worsdell also designed a comparable heavy shunter of his own, the [Class X](/source/NER_Class_X), although this used the [4-8-0T](/source/4-8-0T) layout with a leading bogie, rather than trailing.

The class was considered a success, although highly specialised, and developments were rebuilt and built new by the LNER. The rebuilt locomotive trialled a new outside-framed bogie, fitted with a [booster engine](/source/Booster_engine), the LNER being one of the few UK railways to favour these.[5] Two further locomotives were also built by the LNER. Six were built in total.

The second example was [LNWR](/source/London_%26_North_Western_Railway) [380 Class](/source/LNWR_380_Class). These were a simple stretched version of the inside-cylindered [0-8-2T](/source/0-8-2T) [1185 Class](/source/LNWR_1185_Class), which had been derived from the LNWR's numerous 0-8-0 freight locomotives, with a larger coal bunker.[6] The class was intended for both shunting, [banking](/source/Banking_engine)[7] and as [mineral engines](/source/Drag_freight) for the heavy coal or iron train use in the South Wales coalfield. The enlarged bunker made them more suitable for these longer workings. Thirty were built.

## References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [0-8-4T locomotives](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:0-8-4T_locomotives).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Cole, William Henry (1899). *Light Railways At Home and Abroad*. London: Charles Griffin & Co. pp. 131–133, 248–249.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Casserley_&_Asher,_Locomotives_of_British_Railways,_LNER_S1_2-0)** [Casserley, H.C.](/source/H._C._Casserley); Asher, L.L. (1961) [1955]. *Locomotives of British Railways*. Spring Books. pp. 113, **473**.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Ahrons,_S1_3-0)** [Ahrons, E. L.](/source/E.L._Ahrons) (1927). *The British Steam Railway Locomotive 1825-1925*. Amen Corner, London: Locomotive Publishing Co. p. 338.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Ahrons,_3_cyl._tanks_4-0)** [Ahrons, British Steam Railway Locomotive](#Ahrons,_British_Steam_Railway_Locomotive), pp. 337—340

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Robinson Class S1 0-8-4 Tank Locomotives"](http://www.lner.info/locos/S/s1.shtml). LNER Encyclopedia. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110415062511/http://www.lner.info/locos/S/s1.shtml) from the original on 2011-04-15. Retrieved 2011-01-19.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Casserley_&_Asher,_Locomotives_of_British_Railways,_LNWR_380_6-0)** [Casserley & Asher, Locomotives of British Railways](#Casserley_&_Asher,_Locomotives_of_British_Railways), pp. 70, **319**

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Ahrons,_LNWR_380_7-0)** [Ahrons, British Steam Railway Locomotive](#Ahrons,_British_Steam_Railway_Locomotive), pp. 360, 364, **370**

v t e Steam locomotive wheel arrangements (Whyte notation) Single engine types 0-2-2 0-2-4 2-2-0 2-2-2 2-2-4T 4-2-0 4-2-2 4-2-4T 6-2-0 0-3-0 (monorail) 0-4-0 0-4-0+4 0-4-2 0-4-4T 0-4-6T 2-4-0 2-4-2 2-4-4T 2-4-6T 4-4-0 4-4-2 4-4-4 4-4-6 0-6-0 0-6-2 0-6-4T 0-6-6T 2-6-0 2-6-2 2-6-4 2-6-6T 4-6-0 4-6-2 4-6-4 0-8-0 0-8-2 0-8-4T 0-8-6T 2-8-0 2-8-2 2-8-4 2-8-6 4-8-0 4-8-2 4-8-4 4-8-6 6-8-6 0-10-0 0-10-2 2-10-0 2-10-2 2-10-4 4-10-0 4-10-2 0-12-0 2-12-0 2-12-2 2-12-4T 4-12-2 4-14-4 Divided drive and duplex engine types 0-2-2-0 2-2-2-0 2-2-2-2 2-2-4-0T 4-2-2-0 2-4-6-2 4-4-4-4 6-4-4-6 4-4-6-4 4-6-4-4 Articulated locomotives Fairlie, Meyer and Garratt types 0-4-0+0-4-0 2-4-0+0-4-2 2-4-2+2-4-2 4-4-2+2-4-4 0-6-0+0-6-0 0-6-2+2-6-0 2-6-0+0-6-2 2-6-2+2-6-2 4-6-0+0-6-4 4-6-2+2-6-4 4-6-4+4-6-4 0-8-0+0-6-0T 2-8-0+0-8-2 2-8-2+2-8-2 4-8-0+0-8-4 4-8-2+2-8-4 4-8-4+4-8-4 Articulated locomotives Mallet types 0-4-4-0 0-4-4-2 2-4-4-0 2-4-4-2 0-6-6-0 2-6-6-0 2-6-6-2 2-6-6-4 2-6-6-6 2-6-8-0 4-4-6-2 4-6-6-2 4-6-6-4 0-8-8-0 2-8-8-0 2-8-8-2 2-8-8-4 4-8-8-2 4-8-8-4 2-10-10-2 Articulated locomotives Triplex and other multiplex types 2-8-8-8-2 2-8-8-8-4 2-8-8-8-8-2 0-6-2+2-4-2-4-2+2-6-0 2-6-6-2+2-6-6-2 2-8-8-8-8-8-2 2-10-10-10-10-10-2 2-4-4-2+2-8-8-2+2-4-4-2 Articulated locomotives Engerth types 0-4-4T 0-4-6T 2-6-4 0-6-4T 0-6-4-0 0-8-4T 0-8-6T Geared locomotives Shay Climax Heisler Willamette Other notation forms: AAR Swiss UIC

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [0-8-4T](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-8-4T) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-8-4T?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.