# -ine

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Suffix used in chemistry

***-ine*** is a [suffix](/source/Suffix) used in [chemistry](/source/Chemistry) to denote two kinds of [substance](/source/Chemical_substance). The first is a [chemically basic](/source/Base_(chemistry)) and [alkaloidal](/source/Alkaloid) substance. It was proposed by [Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac](/source/Joseph_Louis_Gay-Lussac) in an editorial accompanying a paper by [Friedrich Sertürner](/source/Friedrich_Sert%C3%BCrner) describing the isolation of the alkaloid "morphium", which was subsequently renamed to "morphine".[1] Examples include [quinine](/source/Quinine), [morphine](/source/Morphine) and [guanidine](/source/Guanidine).[2] The second usage is to denote a [hydrocarbon](/source/Hydrocarbon) of the [second degree of unsaturation](/source/Degree_of_unsaturation). Examples include [hexine](/source/Hexyne) and [heptine](/source/Heptyne).[2] With simple hydrocarbons, this usage is identical to the [IUPAC](/source/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry) suffix [-yne](/source/-yne). A third usage is used for [pnictogen hydrides](/source/Pnictogen_hydride) e.g. [phosphine](/source/Phosphine), [arsine](/source/Arsine) etc.

In common and literary adjectives (e.g. *asinine, canine, feline, ursine*), the suffix is usually pronounced [/aɪn/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) or in some words alternatively [/ɪn/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English). For demonyms (e.g. *[Levantine](/source/Levant), [Byzantine](/source/Byzantine_Empire), [Argentine](/source/Argentina)*) it is usually [/aɪn/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) or [/iːn/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English). But in chemistry, it is usually pronounced [/iːn/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) or [/ɪn/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) depending on the word it appears in and the [accent](/source/Accent_(sociolinguistics)) of the speaker. In a few words (for example, *[quinine](/source/Quinine)*, *[iodine](/source/Iodine)* and *[strychnine](/source/Strychnine)*), the [/aɪn/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) sound is normal in some accents. *[Gasoline](/source/Gasoline)* ends with [/iːn/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English); *[glycerine](/source/Glycerine)* more often with [/ɪn/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) than with [/iːn/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English). In *[caffeine](/source/Caffeine)*, the suffix has merged with the *e* in the root, for stressed [/ˈiːn/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English); in *gasoline* and *margarine* as well the suffix is stressed by some people.

Some [elements](/source/Chemical_element) of the [periodic table](/source/Periodic_table) (namely the [halogens](/source/Halogen), in the Group 17) have this suffix: [fluorine](/source/Fluorine) (F), [chlorine](/source/Chlorine) (Cl), [bromine](/source/Bromine) (Br), [iodine](/source/Iodine) (I) and [astatine](/source/Astatine) (At), ending which was continued in the artificially created [tennessine](/source/Tennessine) (Ts).

The suffix *[-in](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-in#Suffix)* ([/ɪn/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English)) is [etymologically](/source/Etymology) related and [overlaps in usage](/source/Semantic_field) with *-ine*. Many [proteins](/source/Protein) and [lipids](/source/Lipid) have names ending with *-in*: for example, the enzymes [pepsin](/source/Pepsin) and [trypsin](/source/Trypsin), the hormones [insulin](/source/Insulin) and [gastrin](/source/Gastrin), and the lipids [stearin](/source/Stearin) (stearine) and [olein](/source/Olein).

Look up ***[-ine](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/-ine)*** in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Sneader W. (2005). *Drug Discovery: A History*, pp. 90-91. Wiley.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-cancerweb_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-cancerweb_2-1) ["Definition -ine"](https://www.webcitation.org/5io4pObGd?url=http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?-ine). Centre for Cancer Education. Archived from [the original](http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?-ine) on 2009-08-05. Retrieved 2008-03-29.

v t e Organic chemistry affixes Carbon-based -ane (alkane) -ene (alkene) -ine (unsaturated hydrocarbon) -yne (alkyne) alk- (nonaromatic hydrocarbon) ar- (aromatic) cyclo- (cyclic) Oxygen-based -al (aldehyde) -oate (ester) -oic acid (carboxylic acid) -ol (alcohol) -one (ketone) -ose (sugar) Nitrogen-based -ine (alkaloid) aza- (N replaces C) Sulfur-based thio- (S replaces O) Counting axial atoms meth- (1) eth- (2) prop- (3) but- (4) (and the rest are ordinary Greek/Latin prefixes) Other -ase (enzyme) -yl (radical)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [-ine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-ine) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-ine?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.